Communication in Emergency Management Free Essays

Abstract Emergency is an event or situation that occurs unpredictably causing damage to man and society. Management of emergencies is not as easy as event management. In emergency management, one has to be quicker, more knowledgeable and more resourceful in dealing with and solving emergency cases. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication in Emergency Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the same way that event management requires communication among its key persons (organizer, speakers, etc.), emergency management needs more of this element in order to carry out emergency plans well, for an effective damage prevention. The key players in managing well an emergency, namely the doctor, fire chief and police chief, must talk to one another not only to effectively do their part in the emergency management process, but also to be able to minimize as much as possible the damage done or threatening to be done. Emergency Management 101 Dealing with emergencies is not a joke. It is a serious and urgent situation requiring immediate action so that no further harm can be made. Emergency defined is an urgent situation or occurrence threatening grave damage to man and society (PI Services, 2006). Although emergencies are unpredictable, they can be dealt with proper knowledge and understanding both in handling the particular emergency and preventing further harm. Emergency management in its simplest sense is the process of managing emergencies or urgent situations. Managing an emergency includes assessment or assistance to affected party/ies, prevention of further damage, preparation for â€Å"after-shock’s†, responding to the situation swiftly and calmly, and recovering from such emergency situations (PI Services, 2006). Emergency Management Players The key players in the emergency management process are the hospital, fire department, and police department. The heads of these three institutions all contribute their part in the effective management of an emergency situation, and all their contributions greatly affect the success or failure of an emergency management. Hospitals are health institutions that cater to the physical or biological welfare of people. Their role in emergency management is to ensure the health condition of affected parties. They are very important in a sense that their concern, which is human health, is of great importance to an individual, and in emergencies, threatening this part of human welfare is the first concern of an individual (Canton, 2006). The fire department on the other hand prevents the spreading of fire, the start of one, and minimizes the effects of fire to the people. Fire is a natural need of man to cook food for him, keep him warm, etc. But too much fire can threaten his welfare. The fire department, in the emergency management process, mobilizes fire situation if there is one, and prevents such fire from starting in order to minimize the harm already done. And of course, the police department plays a vital role in the documentation of emergencies. The first thing they do in an emergency situation is to mobilize the vicinity involved in the emergency, organizing the people within the vicinity to maximize the help and assistance they can contribute in the proper and effective management of the disaster at hand. These key players need to work together because even though they work differently, all their actions affect not just one another, but the whole emergency situation itself as well. Effective communication is the key to a productive and optimized management of emergencies. Emergency Management Process The flow of an emergency management is as follows: First is the occurrence of the emergency. Emergencies take the form of major fire or explosion, flood, earthquake, storm or cyclone or twister, dangerous or threatening person/s (stalker/s, kidnapper/s, etc.), civil disorder, gas leak, chemical spill, and others. The initial response emergency management key players is to stay calm. As key players, their mind is in ensuring the welfare of people, particularly others not themselves, and not on things (Deakin University, 2006). With an emergency management coordinator around, s/he surveys the scene, before assigning tasks and assignments to his/her key players. S/he will weigh the graveness of each victim’s predicament then prioritize those who need help most at the most immediate time, and only then would s/he delegate the task at hand (Deakin University, 2006). Once the key players see the damage, they do their roles and organize themselves to cater to the needs of people. They start do what should be done to stop or minimize the effect of the crisis and to prevent further harm. The emergency management team would have to do their tasks on the spot since the emergency they are about to accomplish require their immediate attention (Deakin University, 2006). After having briefly dealt with the emergencies, victims are then evacuated to some place near and can accommodate to their needs more attentively. And of course, as emergency coordinator, s/he will gather his/her team and evaluate the work they have just done. Communication During Emergency Management The key players work together, and so they could consider themselves a team. One could not completely accomplish a task if not for the help of another team mate. Their work is seen as a team, not as an individual, and so it is important that they communicate well with one another. The basic way to get them to talk to one another is to give them a reason to do so. Say, ask one of your key players to ask another key player about something. This strategy works when they have just met, and your team is not yet, of course, in the middle of a crisis. People are confident and comfortable in talking with another individual once they know something about them, even just their name. And so, as an emergency management coordinator, it would not hurt to hold an activity on the first meeting. Not only would they know who they work with, but also it gives them the chance to get comfortable working as a team, and trust one another as team mates. Many childhood activities do work in order to get the people communicating with one another. People may lack the initiative and confidence to speak to another because of indifference. Games do sound childlike, but then grown-ups find these as guilty pleasures. Name games and getting-to-know-you games are great starts for individuality-introduction activities. It would also greatly help if you, yourself as coordinator, do the talking first. Ask them about their interests, what they do other than the job they have, their history and the like. People talk when they know someone listens. Show that as coordinator, you want to listen, you are interested in your key player, and that you encourage others as well to listen and be interested. The art of talking does not only consist of saying everything about anything, rather saying things that concern your team that are of interest to them. Share your stories, to get them to share theirs, but then do not go overboard. Once they start, let them just handle the flow of the discussion. Another way of having them conversing with one another is setting up bonding sessions. Short, bonding, group activities allow individuals to be loose for a while and be ordinary human beings mindless of their work. Let them have such at the most convenient time, i.e. after a successful emergency management that didn’t take much of their energy that would also serve as a victory celebration. The opportunities are endless. Organizing the Emergency Management Group Organizing an emergency management group is not easy. It is a serious matter dealing with serious situations. Such group involves people—normal, social individuals. Thus, communication cannot possibly be taken away from such group. Communication not only strengthens the ties among the members of the group, but also allows them to work more efficiently. References Canton, L. G. (2006). Emergency management: concepts and strategies for effective programs. New York: Pantheon. Deakin University. (2006 May, 1). Deakin University: emergency management plan. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.deakin.edu.au/emergency/policies/procedures/Emergency%20Management%20Plan%202006%20Aug.pdf PI Services. (2006 March, 7). Glossary. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from http://www.emergencymanagement.org.uk/faq/glossaryandacronyms/tabid/2090/Default.aspx How to cite Communication in Emergency Management, Essays

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay Example For Students

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay Irish Literature and RebellionIn the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries, Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion. Catholics were treated like second-class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and literature of the sons and daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the world has seen. John OLeary said it best, literature must be national and nationalism must be literary (Harmon, 65). Although there is an endless stream of profound poets and playwrights; John Synge, Lady Gregory, Oscar Wilde, etc., this papers primary focus is on William Butler Yeats and James Joyce, and their contributions during the Irish Literary Renaissance and their p erspectives on the Irish Question. They preserved the names of the heroes of the past and celebrated the Irish spirit through their writings so that the sacrifice of many would not be in vain. William Butler Yeats was born in the Dublin suburb of Sandymont on June 13, 1865. Interestingly enough, his family was of the Protestant faith. He wasnt much of an activist at first and didnt really care all that much for schooling either, because I found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my thoughts, I was difficult to teach (DLB 19, 403). However, in 1886 he met John OLeary, an old Fenian leader. OLeary had been a Young Irelander and fought in the insurrection of 1849. He took Yeats under his wing and introduced him to the world of fenians and fenianism. His influence on Yeats writing is undeniable. Yeats began to write in the way of Sir Samuel Ferguson and James Clarence Mangan and evolve his nationalism and anti-English sentiment (OConnor, 165). Yeats, like Ferguson, saw literature in Irish was an essential part of the education of any Irishman and tried to make it so (OConnor, 150). He toured Ireland and established the National Literary Society. His great est ambition was to unite Catholic Ireland and Protestant Ireland through national literature. He loved Ireland and the Irish and wanted them to be one. Yeats never gave up his belief of uniting Ireland through language or on Ireland. However, he was troubled at the thought that his pen could be the cause of war. Although he was politically active, his focus was more on the cultural and literary realms than on a violent rebellionAt the end of his life he was still wondering if his early writing had helped to seed the rising, to send out / Certain men the English shot (The Man and the Echo, lines 11-12) (DLB 19, 420). I was unable to find a copy of The Man and the Echo in print so I downloaded and from the internet and have attached it. He goes on further to question how because of his poems, he has caused the destruction of homes and families, Could my spoken words have checked / There whereby a house lay wrecked? (The Man and the Echo, line 15-16). Yeats considers himself responsib le for the death of his friends and others family. He is disappointed that his ink could be the reason for bloodshed. The rising that Yeats is talking about is the Easter Rising of 1916. On April 24, 1916, a group of Irishmen that called themselves the Irish Republican Brotherhood led by Padraic Pearse and James Connollys Ctizen Army, posted the Declaration of the Republic on the door of the General Post Office in Dublin and declared Ireland a free country. I have also attached a copy of the Declaration of the Republic for reference. Unfortunately, although anticipated by the nationalists leadership, the British Troops quickly suppressed the rebellion and the signatories were swiftly executed as an example to the Irish. In the end, the rebels fought with typical Irish gallantry, attacked by soldiers using artillery and outnumbering them twenty to one. Cut off from all possible support from the country, or from reinforcement of

Library Information System Improvement

Table of Contents Executive Overview Analysis of the current system Needs of the new system Proposed configuration and specifications Justification for new system Installation / Implementation Plan References Executive Overview The current situation in business across the globe indicates a major relationship between performance and communication. In this regard it has been observed that to improve business performance there is a major need to improve communication and access to services. The current information system within the institution library is computerized but falls short of requirements of students and staff due to delays in upgrading the service. The current service is supported by a database stored on the library server.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Library Information System Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This database is used to locate, book and keep records related to the b ooks in the inventory. However, the system can only be accessed at one point, which is making it especially difficult for students and staff of campus to access books. In addition to that, the books are only in one format which limits the number of users who can access the books. It has been suggested that if changes were made to allow additional formats of books to be stored on the system, and an increase in access to the library system major both staff and students can benefit significantly from the resources provided by the system. It is for these reasons that this proposal will provide a suitable alternative to the current library system. Analysis of the current system As it has already been mentioned earlier in the report this proposal seeks to improve the current system in use within the library. The current system used in the library is computer based and serves both students and staff within the library. The system allows information to be stored on various database relation s and uses this information to manage the borrowing of books and resources from the library. The records pertaining to students and staff are entered into the system by accessing the main registration database. When new books arrive they are scanned and entered into the system. The system is also used to identify appropriate rows within the library to arrange the books. When a student/staff comes to the library they can either locate the books on the shelves using the information on the bulletin board or ask the library assistant to help them locate the books. Once they have the books they go to the counter where a library assistant uses their identity card to enter the details of the transaction into the system. Upon return of the book or other resource to the library the student/staff must visit the library assistant’s counter. The library assistant will use the student/staff identity to enter the completion of the transaction into the system. The system has a mechanism to print out a list of books that are overdue. However, this list is not very useful as the existing system does not allow the library department to communicate with the borrower. The current system also has a mechanism that is used to calculate fines and penalties for lateness after the due dates have passed. This facility allows the library assistant calculate what payments should be made by students/staff who have over stayed with books or other resources. However, it has again been noted that this facility does not serve the student/staff well as it does not allow for communication between the library and the student/staff in question.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has also been noted that the need to make a physical visit to the library to borrow a book is not very favorable for students and staff who reside off campus. The current system does not allow the users to query the database to find out if the resource they require is available. As a result of this it has been observed that students and staff off campus are forced to make trips to the library sometimes while unsure if the books they need are available. Based on the above shortcomings it has been observed that the institution could greatly benefit from improvements to its existing library system. Needs of the new system Information technology has been defined as the use of a combination of hardware, software and services for the management, communication and sharing of information (Shelly Rosenblatt 2011). It has been observed that effective use of information technology has been seen as a major driving force for business in the future. Based on this premise and the shortcomings of the current system this proposal seeks to identify and satisfy the needs arising within the institutions library system. It was observed during an analysis of the current system that one shortcoming of the current system can be attributed to poor accessibility to the data on the system. This is due to the fact that the system can only be accessed within the library and users outside the library have no access to the information stored on the system. The issue of accessibility is a major issue and it is believed that the proposed system will properly address this shortcoming. The proposed system will provide access to data on the system from various locations thus improving decision making capacity of the users. Another issue that was identified with the current system was with regard to the formats of resources available on the system. It has been observed that the library only offers books and digital media such as CD’s and DVD’s. However, it has been noted that due to recent advances in technology there have emerged several new approaches to presentation of information. For example, a lot of books and reading material are accessible on the internet due to the use o f PDF formatted files. These files can be used on various devices including computers and other hand held devices. The proposed system suggests some of the material in the library especially books with high demand be converted into several formats to allow increased access to the resources.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Library Information System Improvement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On observation of the current system it was noted that there were existing mechanisms to handle calculation of penalties and to identify overdue books. It was also noted that it would be beneficial to communicate with the individuals to alert them on the situation to facilitate speedy return of the books or resources to the library. Using technology such as mail merge it is possible to make mailing lists from the lists produced and communicate with the defaulters to facilitate speedy collection of books and reduce pena lties incurred. In addition to the above needs it has also been observed that the current system does not have a mechanism to alert the library assistant on inventory levels. As a result a book or other resource may go out of stock due to loss or other means and the library assistant is unaware of the situation. It has therefore been suggested that the proposed system provide a mechanism to keep track of suitable stocking levels for the resources held on the system. This mechanism should be triggered periodically to identify resources that need to be restocked within the library. The last need identified with regard to the current system is that relating to efficiency of operations within the institution. From observation of the system it can be seen that the system is to some extent cumbersome and inefficient. This point arises due to the fact that the system is not being applied to its maximum potential. A computerized solution is often designed to improve the efficiency of perfor ming specific operations. It is possible that such a situation arose from poor analysis of the previous system during the development of the previous system. Due to this the solution created did not fully cater for the needs of the users of the system. It is hoped that through a more thorough analysis of the needs of the users this proposed system will improve efficiency of operations and performance. Proposed configuration and specifications Based on the financial constraints within the institution it was suggested that a suitable solution will need to be cheap. In line with the proposed system was meant to be delivered with expenditure below $2000. It was believed that if the investment costs were kept low, it would be easier to sell the proposal to the institution. In keeping with the budget constraints the proposed system requires the purchase of a few essential hardware components (See Appendix B). The first item on the list is a new faster and more powerful computer to be used by the library assistant. This is crucial for the success of the proposed system as the processor handles most of the instructions between a user and the computer system (Andrews 2009).The computer selected was found to be both cheap and capable of delivering the processing power required to handle the new system.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to the computer the proposed system will require two wireless routers in addition to the current LAN connection. The current LAN connection will allow the system to extract information stored on the registration database. It will also channel requests to and from the library system to the various locations served by the routers. It has been suggested that one router be placed in the cafeteria to allow staff/students access the system from this location. Another router should be placed within the student hostels. This will provide students access from their hostels. The final component will be the web based library software. This software will be accessible via the institution website and will allow users to check the availability of resources from several locations. It will also allow students to reserve books and resources, access and download resources, communicate with the library staff and deal with inventory and communication issues. Justification for new system The main reason that the system has been deemed useful within the institution stems from the improved efficiency it aims to create. This is due to reports that indicate it is not possible for a company/organization to be successful in the current environment without the appropriate computer systems to sustain and improve business efficiency (Stein 2006). This statement suggests that aside from the improved efficiency it promises the proposed system is also a key ingredient useful to the success of the institution. It has also been observed that though start ups and smaller organizations can initially do without computer systems, as the organization grows the existence of such a system is essential to create efficiency and convergence within the organization (Stein 2006). In addition to the improved efficiency it has also been noted that one way for an organization to improve product quality and customer service is through the introduction of appropriate computer systems (Stein 2006). I n relating this case to the institution in question it is clear that with a better library system the quality of the education product being offered may improve significantly. It is for these reasons therefore that it has been suggested that improvements be made on the current system. Installation / Implementation Plan It has been observed that one of the main reasons behind failure of software projects can be attributed to poor planning (McConnell 1997). With this consideration in mind the proposed project suggests planning of the production process in advance to avoid failure or unnecessary delays in completion of the software project (See Appendix C and D). The plan to be followed in undertaking the project will be reviewed by all members of the team to ensure it is suitable. In addition to that there will be regular updates on progress and delays to help steer the team to successful completion. In addition to planning during the design and development stages it has also been not ed that the approach used in implementation is crucial to overall success of a project. This is due to the fact that complete replacement may interfere with existing systems (Fowler 1999). Due to the implications of this suggestion therefore the project will be implemented in phases. This is aimed at reducing the interference caused by the introduction of a new system within the institution. It is assumed that upon completion each user will be able to access the library database using a web browser from any location. References Andrews, J. (2009). A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC. Boston, MA: Course Technology Cengage Learning. Computer Shopper. (2011). No Nonsense Buying Advice Since 1979. Web. Fowler, D. (1999). Virtual Private Networks: making the right connection. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. McConnell, S. (1997). Software Project Survival Guide. USA: Microsoft Press. Shelly, G. B., Rosenblatt, H. J. (2011). Systems Analysis and Design. Boston, MA: Course Technology Cengage Learning. Stein, R. T. (2006). The Computer System Risk Management and Validation Life Cycle. Chico, CA: Paton Press LLC. This assessment on Library Information System Improvement was written and submitted by user Edith Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Economic Data Example

Economic Data Example Economic Data – Coursework Example Economic data A 7.2% unemployment rate in Bell-Land is not a good rate. This rate surpasses the normal rate of 5%, and thehigh rate of unemployment indicates that the economy is underperforming, or it has a failing gross domestic product. Before giving an answer to the Bell-land leader, I need to think about the chnages in labour force participation that may have taken place in the country as it may be the cause of high unemployment rate. A decline in labour participation would result in an increase in the unemployment rate, which would indicate serious trouble within the economy. Labour force participation in the US has fallen over the past decade and more in the recent years, and this is because fewer Americans have been searching for work. Labour force participation in the US has been falling since the beginning of the recession in December 2007. It is important to study the change in labour force participation as any decline in labour force participation should be a concern for t he economy as whenever few people are willing work, then it means that production will be less. It is also important to understand the change in labour force participation as it helps to understand the reasons behind it and devise ways of dealing with it.Of the three estimates for quarterly GDP growth rates, the most accurate one is the advance estimate where the estimate of the first quarter consisting of Jan, Feb and March would be released in April. This would allow DGP estimates for the next quarter to begin. The U3, U6 nd labour force particpation rate for December 2014 was 5.8%, 11% and 62.8% respectivley.International Labour Office. Key Indicators of the Labour Market. International Labour Organization, 2003

Frank Sinatra As An Italian American Term Paper

Frank Sinatra As An Italian American - Term Paper Example A midwife reportedly injured him during the birth process and he was born without breathing until his grandmother held him under water to force him to come to life. (RatPack, 2011) While Sinatra recovered well enough to live a long and successful life, the story of his birth illustrates how different life was in the early 20th century. In 1915, the farmhouse and log cabin were still the predominant form of community habitation in America, and most people lacked basic education and health care for their families. The public safety net taken for granted now in social security and other benefits programs did not exist, nor did modern medicine, making survival difficult for the poor immigrants like Sinatra’s family who came to America. While infant mortality rates in birth were very high at that time in relation to now, it can also be said that most early Americans experienced the same threats of disease, nutrition, poverty, and livelihood as Sinatra’s family, but something made him different to stand out from the crowd. Frank Sinatra allegedly won a talent contest in order to earn his big break into show business at age 23 in the New York area. (RatPack, 2011) In this regard, his upbringing in New Jersey inevitably led him to New York which was the center of entertainment as well as industry, finance, and business. Sinatra’s official biography tells of him being inspired by the music of Bing Crosby when he was a youth, and this â€Å"big band† sound of white jazz would become his musical trademark. Sinatra’s early career was made through singing at dinner lounges, and he began to find some work on local radio programs in New Jersey. The jazz and big band musician Harry James discovered and signed Sinatra to a... Frank Sinatra was a controversial Italian American who was one of the greatest role models of his generation. His life and public activity helped define what it is to be a pop star and celebrity in America. While his music was not groundbreaking or innovative technically, it reached a wide audience drawn together by the events of WWII and helped them define their feelings as a nation. Sinatra was one of the earliest stars on radio, TV, and motion pictures, which gave him a larger than life appearance and influence on his generation. Whether or not he used his power, wealth, and fame for the most socially beneficial or progressive causes is really not an issue of history, for he represented himself according to a dynamic that was self –determined as he expressed so vividly in the song, â€Å"My Way†. Whether or not he was just, fair, honest, friendly, and kind to others would seem to be a minor issue, because he seized the path to fame, wealth, power, and affluence that most all of his contemporaries only dreamed about. Nevertheless, as a role model of rugged individualism as symbolized by the post-war American culture, and as an Italian American celebrity of the 20th Century, there are few who can compare to Sinatra in stature and influence.

Role and responsiblity of newly qualified nurse Essay

Role and responsiblity of newly qualified nurse - Essay Example By fulfilling such functions, her transition into actual clinical practice can be eased. The newly qualified nurse has to establish what roles and responsibilities she is expected to play in the actual practice. This paper shall now present a critical discussion on the roles and responsibilities of newly qualified nurses. It shall also critically discuss in detail two of these roles, with one of these roles focusing on patient group directions. Critical discussion on the roles of the newly qualified nurse The newly qualified nurse has the following professional roles: leading in care management and care delivery situations; maintaining standards of care; making ethical and legal decisions; being accountable; working in teams; and teaching others (Burton and Ormrod, n.d, pp. 1-2). The responsibility of taking the lead in care management and care delivery situations involves goal setting and self regulation (NHS, n.d). In effect, it also involves the process of group learning and probl em solving, as well as taking a more active role in applying appropriate and vigilant nursing care skills (O’Connor, 2002, p. 69). The newly qualified nurses’ role is also to maintain standards of care. ... The legal standards of care are based on the standards as set by the Nurse Practice Act which governs each state; it is also governed by the Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice published by the American Nurses Association (Smith, 2009). The newly qualified nurses’ role is to follow these provisions and to ensure that other nurses also follow said standards. The newly qualified nurses must also base their ethical decisions on the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice (Robertson, 1996, p. 292). The nurse must respect the patient’s right to autonomy and self determination in terms of making his decisions about his care (Silverman, et.al., 1995, p. 502). She must also implement such decisions based on what would best benefit the patient in terms of health care services (Melia, 1994, p. 7). The principle of non-maleficence also calls for the nursing decisions to not be harmful to the patient – to bring him ‘no harm’ (Black, 2002, p. 423). Finally, the principle of justice – that of giving the patient his due – must also be observed by the newly qualified nurse in order to help ensure that the patient would be receiving what he is entitled in terms of services and nursing care (Bishop and Scudder, 2001, p. 24). The newly qualified nurses’ role is also to be accountable for her actions or inaction. As soon as she takes oath and she practices her profession, the newly qualified nurse is as accountable for her actions as other nurses and health professionals (Smith, 2009). This accountability stems from the expected legal and ethical actions which she is supposed to carry out during her practice. Her accountability is also personal, in effect, she must be capable of making her decisions after

Immigration Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Immigration Reform - Essay Example This paper is aimed at providing a critical thoughtful process of the immigration reform that has been conducted in the United States of America, mainly after the incident of the 9/11 attack on the country. Comparative and Analysis: The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) has implemented reformatory policies aimed at providing anti-immigrant movements in the country. The most important mission of these policies is to achieve the aim of zero level of immigration in the country. These reformatory policies have blamed immigrants as the main cause of economic as well as environmental problems of the country. Immigrants are also blamed in regard to these policies as putting greater amount of pressure on the population of the country. The first policy in the context of immigration reform was implemented in 1979 by the chairman of the FAIR, John Tanton, who was also known as the "father of the anti-immigration movement" in the country. During this time policies related to immi gration reform have been developed for the purpose of providing greater amount of economic and environmental supports to the country and also to reduce the growing level of population of the country (FEDERATION FOR AMERICAN IMMIGRATION REFORM, 1). Classical liberalism Classical liberalism has been playing an important role in the process of social, cultural as well as economic development in the country since a long time. The country has been highly liberal regarding migration of people from other countries into their country. Large number of people who came into this country from countries across the globe is living temporarily or permanently in this country. They have become an integral part of this country. Political, economic, social, cultural, educational – all these aspects did not (do not and will not) match with these immigrants. However, these people are increasingly becoming citizens of the United States of America. But the debate regarding increase in the amount of migrated people in the country occurred after the 9/11 attack of 2001 on the World Trade Center. After this attack, politicians and American people started to raise their voice against immigrations and the need for immigration reform has been realized during this time by politicians of the country (Fitz and Kelley, 4). Factions (Pluralism) Political leaders and people of the country have started to raise their voice against the immigration and different policies have started to be proposed during this time. These policies have been put forward by several groups of people who have argued that the level of safety of resources and lives of general people of the country to a great extent if these policies are implemented. In these reformatory policies mainly specifies groups or factions were targeted. These groups have been constructed including, mainly, immigrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and people of other middle-east countries. Mainly people who belong to the Muslim religion have been included in this group. â€Å"The House of Representatives preempted anticipated Senate action in late 2005 by passing an extreme enforcement measure (H.R. 4437) sponsored by Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI). That bill, which would have felonized the undocumented population and many who interact with them, triggered an enormous backlash