Baldwin Water Works free essay sample

In 1996 the city of Cleveland started a $750 million Plant Enhancement Program. The program’s objective was to redesign and modernize the city’s four water treatment offices, which are among the 10 biggest in the US, and were worked in 1856; more than 500 million gallons of water are siphoned to Cleveland inhabitants day by day. In the accompanying paper I endeavor to give an outline of the Baldwin Water Work Plant Enhancement Program (PEP) (one of the four water treatment offices) scope, time plan, expenses, and destinations; portray the program’s life cycle stages required to execute all tasks included; indentify and break down the conceivable related dangers, and present the separate hazard reactions; characterize the controlling and checking procedure of the program; indentify and dissect the system things of the program’s plan that were basic to arrive at key accomplishments. Destinations, Scope of Work, Budget The initial move towards the meaning of the Plant Enhancement Program’s (PEP) destinations is indentifying the need that this arrangement of undertakings endeavor to fulfill: created in 1924, Baldwin Water Works Plant needs redesigns and upgrades. We will compose a custom paper test on Baldwin Water Works or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The subsequent stage is for the program the board advisor (PMC) to fathom the projects targets. Around here case, as in numerous different cases, PMC isn't relegated early enough so as to take an interest in the arrangement of the targets; the destinations are built up by the program’s support. Moreover, so as to comprehend and approve PEP’s goals should, the PMC must think about PEP’s open nature; open programs’ targets â€Å"should be lined up with the significant needs in the general public and the necessities of the users† (Samset as refered to in Shiferaw and Klakegg, standard. 1, pg. 14). As per the need and PEP’s nature, PMC must arrive at the accompanying targets: Evaluate and advance water gracefully Rehabilitate and modernize water treatment office, guaranteeing it is at its most noteworthy operational effectiveness and security Develop and execute new plant working framework Remake offices bringing about the least water rates conceivable Limit future facilities’ operational and support costs Renovate the current organization building, while at the same time keeping up its chronicled structure Supply Cleveland’s downtown and eastside networks with perfect and safe consumable water (City of Cleveland 2010, pg. 20). When the PMC has recognized the PEP’s objective, it needs to approve these targets in the extent of work (Kezner 2013, pg. 521). The Project Management Consultant is liable for all task exercises including arranging, plan, and development, and cost, time and quality administration. PMC will: recreate and improve water treatment offices by supplanting plant’s valves and channels, restoring plant’s channels, and moving from a manual operational framework to PLC-based operational framework; give preparing and hands-on help on the new operational framework for all representatives; meet and surpass existing and future guidelines set by the province of Ohio; perform engineering and auxiliary recovery of Baldwin Water Works chronicled organization building. At long last, during recreations and redesigns the PMC will keep the plant operational. After the foundation of the program’s targets and extent of work, the PMC must gauge the project’s finish time, and all costs included; PMC must build up the program’s time plan and financial plan. One of the most helpful apparatuses for achieving those two errands is Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (Lewis 2007, pg. 56). The program can be separated into four levels, as delineated in outline 1, page 4. By separating the program into explicit undertakings and assignments the PMC can all the more likely characterize expenses of the material, gear and exertion required for the projects exercises, and furthermore the time required. Notwithstanding the WBS and so as to ascertain generally the PEP’s costs, the PMC will utilize rough gauge. The PEP’s cost is evaluated by relationship to the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program, in Cleveland, OH, which has a comparable extent of work and limit (Shook Construction 2013) (Kerzner 2013, pg. 680). The all out expense for the Morgan Water Plant Rehabilitation program was $26 million; the Baldwin Water Works Plan Enhancement Program is 15 percent increasingly troublesome, contemplating the fragile work essential for the remodel of the verifiable organization building. These outcome in an expected expense of $30 million for the fruition of our PEP (Kezner 2013, pg. 680) (www. shookconstruction. com). At last, the PMC recognizes two sorts of financial plans: circulated spending plan is characterized by the worker hours a required for the accomplishment of the undertakings and subtasks set up in the WBS, and the fundamental materials and gear required (for example 2,500 tons of 20† by 48† pliable iron funneling, 48† electrically enacted valves, PLC-Based control instruments, channel medias, record shingles, crane, drillers, solid, iron gunnels, brick work, outside windows); the executives hold of $3 million utilized if there should arise an occurrence of accelerations in development laborers pay rates, unanticipated deferrals coming about during faculty preparing on the new PLC-Based working framework, dangers Diagram 1. Baldwin Water Works Plant Enhancement Program WBS (Shook Construction 2013) (Bowen Associates Inc. 2013). Engaged with the instance of the organization building complex structures unsettling influence, changes in costs of fundamental material and gear (Kezner 2013, pg. 751). The all out PEP’s spending plan coming about after the ID of the two spending types is $33 million. Life Cycle, Time Plan notwithstanding WBS and so as to evaluate the time plan for the PEP’s culmination, PMC must characterize the projects life cycle. The most usually kind of life-cycle program utilized for development ventures is the successive one or cascade program life-cycle; this is the one that PMC will use for this particular case. As per cascade life-cycle the accompanying project stages are characterized: Diagram 2. Baldwin Water Works Program Life-Cycle (Hallows 2005, pg. 84) To more readily appraise the project’s time of consummation or calendar, PMC needs to expound on the distinguished stages. During Phase 1, the PMC does an attainability study; at this stage the program’s objectives and destinations, specialized angles, challenges, quotes and advancement plan are characterized. At this stage and due to the project’s open nature, the dedication and investment of nearby, state and government specialists are of a high significance. The City of Cleveland Water Division furnishes the PMC with the general rules, however it needs to partake in the improvement of the practicality concentrate so as to ensure that the sum total of what rules have been comprehended and mulled over by the PMC. Moreover, now the project’s budgetary plausibility is being assessed. Out of the aggregate of $750 million to be given towards the city’s four water treatment plants upgrade program, $33 million are circulated towards the Baldwin Water Works Plant Enhancement program. The time required for the consummation of the possibility study is a half year. Toward the finish of the examination the two activities, Renovation and Reconstruction, under the PEP are considered doable and endorsed for advancement by the City of Cleveland Water Division (proprietor). The finish of Phase 1 starts Phase 2; arranging of the PEP. At this stage the extent of work, referenced previously, is built up, goals are refined, expectations named, financial plan and timetable characterized. What's more, the City of Cleveland Landmarks Commission’s rules towards the remodel of the notable organization building are being assessed and specialized qualities of that errand distinguished. Besides, State and Federal Governing Bodies guarantee that the program’s goals and specialized perspectives are adjusted to ebb and flow water guidelines, and that future improvements are being thought about. At last, dangers are recognized by the given inner and outside difficulties, assessed, and reactions are created. One year for the finish of Phase 2. The PMC at that point is pushing ahead with the detail plan of the undertakings and the assignments required so as to arrive at destinations and expectations; Phase 3. The two assignments under the Renovation venture are being created at this stage (Case Study). The PMC builds up an office plan by mapping out and organizing all the important enhancements of the plant’s offices. Furthermore an office arranging expert is employed to direct assessments of every single existing structure and indentify the Renovation’s extent of work. At that point Bowen Associates Inc. is recruited to give detail plan of the undertaking, give material, gear, structural designers, modelers, and development laborers for the building and basic assignments and subtasks delineated in Diagram 1 WBS (Bowen Associates Inc. 2013). Besides, Shook Construction Company is employed for the structure of the Reconstruction venture. Shook Construction is liable for giving all material and gear, structural designers, modelers, electrical and mechanical architects, and development laborers required for the fruition of the project’s errands and subtasks delineated in Diagram 1 WBS. The time required for doing Phase 3 is one year. After the detail structure of the two projects’ undertakings and subtasks, it is the ideal opportunity for the PMC to start the usage of the program; Phase 4. Both Shook Construction Company, answerable for the Reconst

Essay Topics on Water Conservation

Essay Topics on Water ConservationAlthough these essay topics on water conservation are more common in the literary world, most professional writers and academics are interested in preparing high quality work in various essay genres. Many students today are interested in writing studies for college entrance exams, such as the SAT or ACT. But finding the essay topics on water conservation, especially when a student is not well-versed in these areas, can be difficult.You may have encountered this situation during your typical practice writing classes, at your schools' writing centers, or by reading other students' essays. In the case of writing an essay on water conservation, one cannot simply go to his favorite essay topic and seek to highlight his interests and feelings. Rather, the student must find out the most prominent water conservation topics from the literature of water conservation and the professionals who have found that topic to be their particular specialty.First, you mus t start with an understanding of the main focus of each topic you decide to include. It would be too easy to get sidetracked in those topics where the writer has little to say. Each topic will require its own set of essay topics on water conservation, so focus on the most important ones to make your work the best. For example, a critical analysis of water conservation policy in the United States and in other countries may require you to write a substantial essay about the long history of governmental intervention in the water sector, as well as the recent past in which policies have been constantly changing to serve various water needs and demands.Second, think about the most important choices you have to make in your essays. Usually, the essay topics on water conservation require you to analyze the current state of the system and identify the major obstacles that affect consumers. From there, you need to determine ways to bring water conservation within reach, while addressing the underlying environmental issues.When considering these topics, you need to look beyond the scope of your own expertise. Find a college writing center, or a writing class, where professionals in the area of water conservation can help you. They can help you understand more about the latest trends in conservation and help you devise persuasive ways to gain your audience's attention. It may be helpful to obtain some written resources from these professionals.Third, check whether the writing centers and writing classes you have applied to offer writing workshops that include other writing courses, such as Introduction to Writing, which explore new ways to address difficult topics. If you've applied to several colleges, then you'll likely find one that offers writing workshops specifically for essay topics on water conservation. These workshops often include the writing and editing support of experienced experts. For your specific essay topics on water conservation, it may be helpful to include these workshops as part of your resume of available writing workshops offered by different writing centers.After you have explored all these possibilities, consider that essay topics on water conservation are most appropriate for your college's writing requirement. If you plan to work with a major theme, then make sure that this theme is clearly communicated and can be developed into a coherent essay. If the writing requirement does not have a distinct theme, then you need to choose a topic that covers your needs and interests, and that will be appealing to your readers.

How Do Sociologists Define Race

Sociologists define race as a concept that is used to signify different types of human bodies. While there is no biological basis for racial classification, sociologists recognize a long history of attempts to organize groups of people based on similar skin color and physical appearance. The absence of any biological foundation makes race challenging to define and classify, and as such, sociologists view racial categories and the significance of race in society as unstable, always shifting, and intimately connected to other social forces and structures. Sociologists emphasize, though, that while race is not a concrete, fixed thing that is essential to human bodies, it is much more than simply an illusion. While it is socially constructed through human interaction and relationships between people and institutions, as a social force, race is real in its consequences. How to Understand Race Sociologists and racial theorists Howard Winant and Michael Omi provide a definition of race that situates it within social, historical, and political contexts, and that emphasizes the fundamental connection between racial categories and social conflict. In their book ​Racial Formation in the United States,  Winant and Omi explain that race is: ...an unstable and ‘decentered’ complex of social meanings constantly being transformed by political struggle,† and, that â€Å"...race is a concept which signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies. Omi and Winant link race, and what it means, directly to political struggles between different groups of people, and to social conflicts which stem from competing group interests. To say that race is defined in large part by political struggle is to recognize how definitions of race and racial categories have shifted over time, as the political terrain has shifted. For example, within the context of the U.S., during the founding of the nation and the era of enslavement, definitions of black were premised on the belief that African and native-born slaves were dangerous brutes—wild, out of control people who needed to be controlled for their own sake, and the safety of those around them. Defining â€Å"black† in this way served the political interests of the property-owning class of white men by justifying enslavement. This ultimately served the economic benefit of slave owners and all others who profited and benefited from the slave-labor economy. In contrast, early white abolitionists in the U.S. countered this definition of blackness with one that asserted, instead, that far from animalistic savages, Black slaves were humans worthy of freedom. As sociologist Jon D. Cruz documents in his book ​Culture on the Margins, Christian abolitionists, in particular, argued that a soul was perceptible in the emotion expressed through the singing of slave songs and hymns and that this was proof of the humanity of Black slaves. They argued that this was a sign that slaves should be freed. This definition of race served as the ideological justification for the political and economic project of the northern battles against the southern war for secession. The Socio-Politics of Race in Todays World In today’s context, one can observe similar political conflicts playing out among contemporary, competing definitions of blackness. An effort by Black Harvard students to assert their belonging at the Ivy League institution via a photography project titled â€Å"I, Too, Am Harvard,† demonstrates this. In the online series of portraits, Harvard students of Black descent hold before their bodies signs bearing racist questions and assumptions that are often directed toward them, and, their responses to these. The images demonstrate how conflicts over what â€Å"Black† means play out in the Ivy League context. Some students shoot down the assumption  that all Black women know how to twerk, while others assert their ability to read and their intellectual belonging on the campus. In essence, the students  refute the notion that blackness is simply a composite of stereotypes, and in doing so, complicate the dominant, mainstream definition of â€Å"Black.† Politically speaking, contemporary stereotypical definitions of â€Å"Black† as a racial category do the ideological work of supporting the exclusion of Black students from, and marginalization within, elite higher educational spaces. This serves to preserve them as white spaces, which in turn preserves and reproduces white privilege and white control of the distribution of rights and resources within society. On the flip side, the definition of blackness presented by the photo project asserts the belonging of Black students within elite higher education institutions and asserts their right to have access to the same rights and resources that are afforded to others. This contemporary struggle to define racial categories and what they mean exemplifies Omi and Winants definition of race as unstable, ever-shifting, and politically contested.

Frederick Douglass An Unfortunate Time - 1697 Words

Frederick Douglass was born in an unfortunate time period, considering he was born a slave. He was born in a town of Maryland entitled Talbot County. What is surprising about Douglass is the fact that historians do not know the exact year and date he was born, even Frederick does not know his own birthday. Later in Douglass’s life, he was sent to a home of Hugh Auld in Baltimore. This is where the master’s wife, Sophia, taught Douglass how to read and write, which most slaves were denied this privilege. Even after Douglass’s master forced his wife to stop teaching, he continued to learn with the white children in the house. Through Douglass being educated in reading and writing, it caused him to form his own ideology about slavery.†¦show more content†¦This is important considering it caused not only slaves to rise up, but also other whites to defined slaves. Douglass was also used as propagandist for the cause of the Union and emancipation. Having an ac tual free black man as the face of the Union, in my opinion brought the emotional appeal the North needed to win the Civil War. The last factor that contributed to the Civil War was the writing and publication of his autobiology. I personally feel Frederick Douglass used his story and status to promote the Union cause, which made the South angry, considering they were already outnumber in the Congress and the House of Representatives. From my view point, Frederick Douglass just pushed the Southerns over the edge. Box B: The Dred Scott Case First let’s discuss who Dred Scott even was before talking about his case. Dred Scott was born a slave in 1795, in Southampton County, Virginia. It wasn t until after his owner died that Scott decided to fight for his freedom, as well as his family’s. Scott actually worked in two different free states after his owner passed away, which caused him to try and buy his own freedom. However, he did not succeed the first time, so he brought his case to the Missouri courts. Once his case made it to the Missouri courts, he actually won, until the decision was overturned at the Supreme Court level. Scott later died in 1858. The Dred ScottShow MoreRelatedNature And Nature Of Frederick Douglass1529 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen with Frederick Douglass even on his journey throughout his life. Nature lived amongst the other slaves as well. When being a slave at a plantation or being owned period, you become familiar with nature; if it is picking cotton, â€Å"tobacco, corn, and wheat† (Douglass 22) or if it is learning how to steer ox’s or learning how to drive a boat. Nature is with everything we do; nature is everything anyway because we are nature. We are just part of the huge spectrum of nature. Frederick Douglass was putRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery : The Narrative Life Of Frederick Douglass915 Words   |  4 Pageslives would never escape the plantations that they were stationed in, luckily some slaves would manage to escape from time to time. One of these fortunate slaves was Frederick Douglass, a renowned advocate for freedom and equality who also exposed the mistreatment of slaves and encouraged people to join the abolitionist movement in his book The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass. Even though slavery in America only lasted for about 245 years it completely changed the social structure of future generationsRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs1208 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are both prominent influential authors of the Reform Era. 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The inhumane condition of slavery challenged African Americans to discover their individual true identityRead MoreFrederick Douglas And Solomon Northrup Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesentered their plantations. However, slaves told a different story. Fredrick Douglass and Solomon Northup’s experiences show how brutal and violent slave masters acted towards their slaves. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass explains how his mistress, Mrs. Audd, began to treat Douglass with care when he first met her. As time progressed, she became brutal and much more worse than her husband. When Douglass first meets his mistress he describes her as â€Å"a women of the kindest heartRead MoreAn Analysis Of Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass both wrote narratives that detailed their lives as slaves in the antebellum era. Both of these former slaves managed to escape to the North and wanted to expose slavery for the evil thing it was. The accounts tell equally of depravity and ugliness though they are different views of the same rotten institution. Like most who managed to escape the shackles of slavery, t hese two authors share a common bond of tenacity and authenticity. Their voices are different—oneRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1129 Words   |  5 Pagesand not try to do in order to make literacy rates rise. The most important reason for the decline of literacy rates is improper education. Our country is being plagued by unacceptable academic planning. Frederick Douglass once wrote in his book The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass â€Å"It is easier to build strong children then to repair a broken man†. Why not build strong children to help their future. The lack of funds in education provide us with many challenges and obstacles we needRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life Of Slavery1783 Words   |  8 Pages Frederick Douglass’s Position on Slavery Slavery is severe in two ways; slavery is terrible for slaves, and slavery corrupts slave holders. Frederick Douglass spent his life trying to prove these two topics. He wrote his own books to show people who are not around slavery how horrid it is. He gave countless examples of his own life in order to abolish slavery. In the Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass written by Douglass himself, he says, â€Å"Sincerely and earnestly hoping that this little bookRead MoreAbolitionist Literature in the Eighteenth Century559 Words   |  2 Pagesliterature further contributed to the intense feelings that people underwent as they were reading passages in these books. Individuals like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe were among the most renowned abolitionist writers and their works played an essential role in emphasizing the wrongness of slavery. Frederick Douglass was among the people who were unfortunate enough to experience life as a slave. However, in comparison to other individuals who were mentally and physically rendered unableRead More The Dehumanization Process in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave2204 Words   |  9 PagesThe Dehumanization Process in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave Throughout American history, minority groups were victims of American governmental policies, and these policies made them vulnerable to barbaric and inhumane treatment at the hands of white Americans. American slavery is a telling example of a government sanctioned institution that victimized and oppressed a race of people by indoctrinating and encouraging enslavement, racism and abuse. This institution

Taxation PIC Scheme of Singapore

Question: Describe about the Taxation for PIC Scheme of Singapore. Answer: (a) The productivity and innovation credit (PIC) scheme provides for 400% deduction for income tax purposes to the tax payers carrying on business. This 400% deduction is available on the expenditure incurred on the six prescribed activities which are regarded as the qualifying activities. Further, there is a maximum cap on this allowance which restricts the maximum deduction for each qualifying activity to $400,000 per annum (IRAS, 2016). One of the six qualifying activities is the acquisition and leasing of the IT and automation equipment. Thus, the expenditure incurred by the businessmen or business entity on acquiring the IT and automation equipment is allowed for 400% deduction under PIC scheme for the income tax purposes. However, it is worthwhile to note in this regard that all the IT and automation equipments are not allowed for deduction, these are only the IT and automation equipments which are prescribed by the income tax authorities. Further, it is also provided that if a particular IT and automation equipment is not prescribed by the income tax authority, the tax payer may apply to the ministry or comptroller of income tax for approval of such equipment (IRAS, 2016). In regard to the advertisement given by Poh Choo, it has been observed that the claims made therein are not correct. The advertisement pamphlet claims that the hardware, software, and related costs incurred are eligible for 100% PIC claims, which is not true. From the provisions of PIC scheme, it is quite clear that only approved expenditure on the IT and automation equipments is allowable for deduction under PIC. The approved list of IT and automation equipments includes facsimile, optical character reader, laser printer, computers, office system software etc (IRAS, 2016). Further, the deduction is not restricted to 100%; rather it is allowable up to 400% of the expenditure incurred. (b) As per the provisions of income tax and PIC scheme, the relevant calculations for the company have been shown in the tables presented below: Tax Deduction Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Total Adjusted profit of the business 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 Add: Expected increase @40% 40,000.00 40,000.00 A. Total 100,000.00 140,000.00 140,000.00 Qualifying expenditure for PIC Claims Cost of software and automated equipment 25,000.00 - - Website 8,000.00 - - B. Total 33,000.00 - - C. PIC claim (400%*B) 132,000.00 - - D. Income/loss (A-C) (32,000.00) 140,000.00 140,000.00 Less: Maintenance 850.00 850.00 850.00 E. Taxable income - 139,150.00 139,150.00 F. Brought forward losses set off (32,000.00) G. Net Taxable income - 107,150.00 139,150.00 H. Tax @17% (IRAS, 2016) - 18,215.50 23,655.50 41,871.00 The table presented above shows the net cash payout of the company when it opts for PIC deduction in place of cash payout plan. It could be observed that if the company opts for PIC deductions, then its net cash payout will be $41,871.00 in the form of income tax paid. However, there is an alternative available to the company in which it can opt for cash payout instead of PIC deductions. Calculations in this connection are shown in the table given below: PIC Cash Payout Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Adjusted profit of the business 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 Add: Expected increase @40% 40,000.00 40,000.00 A. Total 100,000.00 140,000.00 140,000.00 B. Normal Deductions 33,000.00 - - C. Maintenance 850.00 850.00 850.00 D. Taxable income (A-B-C) 66,150.00 139,150.00 139,150.00 E. Tax @17% (IRAS, 2016) 11,245.50 23,655.50 23,655.50 58,556.50 F. PIC cash payout (60%*33000) 19,800.00 - - 19,800.00 G. Net cash payout (E-F) 38,756.50 In order to claim cash payout under PIC scheme, the taxpayer should have at least three local employees falling under CPF contribution provisions. In the current case, the company has three employees which fall under the CPF contribution provisions; thus, it is eligible to claim cash payout under PIC scheme (IRAS, 2016). It could be observed from the table that net cash payout of the company under this alternative is $38,756.50. The net cash payout of the company is lower in this alternative as compared to the previous one. Therefore, it is advised that the company chooses PIC cash payout plan in place of PIC deduction plan. Reference IRAS. 2016. Productivity and Innovation Credit (PIC) Scheme. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/uploadedFiles/IRASHome/Businesses/PIC%20Seminar%20for%20Medical%20Practitioner.pdf [Accessed on: 30 November 2016]. IRAS. 2016. Overview of PIC IT and Automation Equipment. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/Schemes/Businesses/Productivity-and-Innovation-Credit-Scheme/Six-Qualifying-Activities-under-PIC/Acquisition-and-Leasing-of-PIC-IT-and-Automation-Equipment/ [Accessed on: 30 November 2016]. IRAS. 2016. Corporate Tax Rates, Corporate Income Tax Rebates, Tax Exemption Schemes and SME Cash Grant. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iras.gov.sg/irashome/Businesses/Companies/Learning-the-basics-of-Corporate-Income-Tax/Corporate-Tax-Rates--Corporate-Income-Tax-Rebates--Tax-Exemption-Schemes-and-SME-Cash-Grant/ [Accessed on: 30 November 2016].

Maintaining Operations an Example by

Maintaining Operations by Expert Prof Nelly | 06 Dec 2016 In this global business world, there is an immense amount of variety of products that the customers can choose from. In every field and industry, there are competitors, old and new, all coming up with new and innovative ideas to increase their market share in their respective fields. The food industry is one such industry. It has been growing at very fast pace. Companies like Kraft and Nestle have captured the market and have been successful in building a large clientele. Need essay sample on "Maintaining Operations" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed These two companies also appear to be the most potential career options for employment. This is mainly because of their financial success and high levels of profitability over the years. Both companies have been in the business for over a hundred years and have left their mark. Consumers perceive the products of these companies as brands that can be trusted and leave them satisfied. In today's fast moving world customer expectations is a dynamic notion. With time, customer expectations also undergo a change. This maybe due to social trends, health awareness, and development in tastes and so on and so forth. Kraft which is a U.S. based food manufacturing company is also the third largest food and beverage company in the world. Since the United States is a developed country where a great amount of emphasis is placed on time, customers expect food to be convenient to eat. However, there is no compromise on quality and taste. Customers not only expect delicious taste in their food but also expect it to be healthy. Customer expectations however do not come to an end here. In today's world where there is an immense amount of competition in the food industry, customers expect companies like Kraft and Nestle, a Switzerland based company, to offer them a wide variety of products. Once there is brand loyalty, customers are willing to stick to the same brand for other similar products as well (Plunket, Attner & Allen, 2007). Both companies have international presence and customers for both companies have similar expectations. Both companies have also been successful in meeting customer expectations. Kraft offers a wide range of products from cheese to chips and cookies. It has been successful in satisfying customers with brands like Velveeta, Chips ahoy and Oreo. Nestle on the other hand has also been able to build successful brands like Nido, Nescafe and Movenpick (Roberts, 2001). Customer needs should be the highest priority for an organization but for companies like Kraft and Nestle, customer needs become an essential determinant in their success and therefore their constant effort to expand their customer base enhances their quality of products. Kraft realizing customer preferences came out with the raspberry crme flavor of the fruit hard candy, Crme Savers .The company's ability to include customers in their product decisions in order to produce what the customers desire certainly is the reason behind their success(Roberts, W. 2001). Nestle on the other hand has also been investing to meet customer expectations. The latest production line in Poland to increase its market share there depicts the company's efforts to keep its large clientele happy (Anonymous, 2004). Quality maintenance thus becomes an important aspect of customer satisfaction. It is only through high quality products that these companies are able to maintain a large customer base. At Kraft, quality processes such as SENECA (Sensory and Experimental collection application) and PVR (Process variation reduction) ensure that the products are of highest quality and meet customer expectations. These are enhanced processes that ensure that each unit of the products tastes exactly like the previous one enjoyed by the consumer. It is through the use of technology driven processes and high quality standards that both companies have been meeting the demands of their customer throughout the world. Reference: Anonymous, (May 12, 2004). Nestl Poland cranks up ice cream production. Retrieved on June 29, 2008. Plunkett, W.R., Attner, R.F. & Allen, G.S. (2007). Management: Meeting and Exceeding Customer Expectations.9th edn, South-Western College Roberts, W. (Sept, 2001). The 'Big' Gets Bigger. Retrieved on June 29, 2008 from: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3289/is_9_170/ai_78576171/pg_2

Private School Vs Public School Essays

Private School Vs Public School Essays Private School Vs Public School Essay Private School Vs Public School Essay Private School Vs Public School BY mane12704 Private School Vs Public School: Some differences to consider before making a decision Private School Vs Public School: Some Differences to Consider before Making a Decision Education is a vital issue today. Choosing where to send their children to school is one of the hardest decisions parents have to make. Should they enroll their children in an expensive school? Or should they enroll them in a public school, in order to save money? Will the child still get a quality education? Will the child succeed in his/her studies? Will the child get the right values and grow up to be a roper citizen? These are Just a few of the questions that a parent should ask him or herself before enrolling his/her child in school. There are two types of schools from which parents have to choose to send their children for an education: private and public schools. These schools have similarities but are very different. In order to make a good decision, parents should know the differences between one and the other. Those differences lie in admission, financing, and management process. According to a comparative study, Public schools admit more applicants (36 percent) han did private schools (23 percent) and were less likely than public schools to admit students on the basis of test performance (55 percent and 65 percent respectively). Private schools retain the right to select their students. They accept any student it wishes according to its academic and other standards. It is not required to give a reason why it has refused to admit anyone.. Admission age to Dominican children is in most private institutions starting from two years old. By contrast, public schools must accept all students within their Jurisdiction with few or any exceptions, and they tart from five years old with initial level. Private schools, also known as independent schools or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding. In private schools, charges are for every aspect of their programs and fees are determined by market forces. Private schools take no public funding. In contrast, Public schools are totally supported by the government or public funding and they are not allowed to charge any tuition fees. Private and public schools differ significantly in terms of their management organization. In most developing countries, public schools are financed and managed by the central government. Teachers are hired and deployed by a central agency, the curriculum is set nationally and admission to secondary school is often controlled by national examinations with students placed in schools through central agency. As a result, neither the local community nor the school principal exercises much control over key decisions. Unlike centrally control public schools, private schools in both develop and developing countries exercise managerial control ver a wide range of decisions. For example, research has found that, in U. S. private schools, principals, teachers and parents have significantly greater control over decisions about the curriculum, instructional methods, allocating funds, hiring public schools. Both, private and public schools, have the same goal, to teach and educate children in developing necessary skills for becoming a valuable and useful person in society. By making a comparison and looking at the mentioned differences, parents can make the right choice and of course the most convenient to them and their children.